July 20 – A Day as Today - World Chess Day!

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July 20 – A Day as Today | Discover what happened A day like Today in the World: Who was born on July 20? Who died on July 20? What is celebrated on July 20? Historical events of July 20 in Dorian’s Secrets: The Eternal Youth Magazine!

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Ephemeris of July 20:

Events.
Births.
Deaths.
Celebrations.
Catholic Santoral.
Zodiac Sign.

In the Gregorian Calendar, July 20 is the 201th
(Two-hundredth first) day of the year.

There are 164 days left until the end of 2021!

Quote of the Day…

The problem of our time is that the future is no longer what it was.

— Paul Valéry
French poet (died July 20, 1945)

Events that Happened “A Day as Today”

A Day as Today - Events - Dorian's Secrets — Events that Happened “Such a Day as Today” / Image Credit: Gerd Altmann

July 20 – A Day as Today – Events

1221: The first stone of Burgos Cathedral is placed.
1230: in Cassino (Italy) the Treaty of San Germano is signed between Frederick II Hohenstaufen and Pope Gregory IX.
1378: the Ciompi Revolt breaks out in Italy, an uprising of the textile workers in Florence.
1402: in Turkey, Tamerlane defeats the Ottoman Sultan Bayazīd I at the Battle of Ankara.
1500: in Spain, Isabel La Católica decrees, by means of a royal decree, that all the indigenous people that the conquerors had kidnapped be returned to their lands of origin.
1700: in Spain, King Carlos II grants the villazgo to Fuente Álamo de Murcia.
1754: in Spain, King Fernando VI dismisses the Marquis of Ensenada.
1807: in the port of New York (United States), the engineer Robert Fulton makes the first test of his steamship.
1808: the army of the French invader José I Bonaparte enters Madrid (Spain). The people refrained from demonstrating.
1810: in Santa Fe de Bogotá (capital of the New Kingdom of Granada, now Colombia) the first Cry of Independence takes place, these events were initiated by the incident of “El Florero de Llorente”, or which begins the process that culminates with the independence in 1819.
1810: in Santa Rosa de Viterbo (Colombia) a meteorite hits.
1816: the Flag of Argentina is adopted as an Argentine national symbol.
1819: reopening of the José Miguel Carrera National Institute under the government of Bernardo O’Higgins.
1824: Colombia becomes independent from Spain.
1857: Bishop José María Díaz Sanjurjo is assassinated in Tonkin. This will lead to the armed intervention of Spain, alongside France, in the Cochinchina war.
1871: British Columbia becomes Canadian territory.
1885: in Canada, the rebel Louis Riel is tried for treason.
1900: Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin makes the first flight aboard the balloon of the same name.
1903: in Macedonia, the Macedonians revolt against the Ottoman power.
1905: in Russia, the Assembly of the Russian nobility protests against the project of creating an imperial Duma.
1905: in Spain, the Spanish Socialist Workers Party tries to carry out a general strike to protest the high cost of living.
1907: the dome of the old church of Las Salesas is burned down and destroyed.
1908: Spain: a law is approved that organizes the collection and exchange by the Ministry of Finance of the fake hard coins that circulate in the country.
1909: in Spain, the inventor and builder Ricardo Causarás Casaña patented the world’s first rigid delta-wing triangular-shaped plane.
1909: in France, Georges Clemenceau resigns from the presidency due to mistrust of his naval policy.
1917: in Germany, the parliament grants a new war credit during the First World War for fifteen billion marks.
1919: in Saint Germain – in the framework of the First World War – the Allies deliver the conditions of peace to the German-Austrian delegation.
1920: in Tarragona (Spain) a shipwrecked rescue company is established.
1921: the free warehouse is inaugurated in Barcelona (Spain).
1922: in The Hague (Netherlands) the Conference on the problem of war reparations owed by Germany is closed.
1923: General Pancho Villa is shot to death in the city of Parral, in the state of Chihuahua (Mexico).
1923: the Pamplona-Lérida-Huesca-Pamplona-San Sebastián motorcycling regularity test begins in Spain.
1927: in Chile Executive Decree 3876 of the Ministry of Public Instruction is promulgated, which reestablishes as of October 12 of the same year the teaching and official use in that country of the spelling of the Royal Spanish Academy to replace the Spelling of Bello , which was in force since 1844.
1928: the Hercules gunboat explodes in Colombia; 51 sailors and officers die.
1930: in the Soviet Union, Maxim Litvinov is appointed Commissioner for Foreign Affairs.
1932: in Peru, mountaineers reach the top of Huascarán (6768 m), the highest mountain in Peru and the intertropical zone.
1933: the Secretary of State of the Holy See, Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII), signs a concordat with Hitler.
1936 Spain, Civil War, Francisco Ascaso dies in Barcelona during the assault on the Atarazanas barracks, one of the highest representatives of the Spanish anarcho-syndicalist movement together with Buenaventura Durruti, Federica Montseny and Juan García Oliver
1936: in Spain, General José Sanjurjo, who was going to lead the military uprising that triggered the Spanish Civil War, dies in a plane crash when he was returning from Lisbon to Madrid.
1936: in Madrid (Spain), Republican soldiers and militiamen assault the Cuartel de la Montaña, the only stronghold of the rebels in that city.
1944: in Germany, Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg and a group of Wehrmacht officers try to assassinate Adolf Hitler and carry out a coup in the July 20 attack, but fail.
1945: a change of government takes place in Spain, in which only the Ministers of the Interior, Finance, National Education and Labor continue.
1948: in South Korea, Syngman Rhee is named president.
1950: in Belgium, the parliament authorizes the return of King Leopold III.
1951: King Abdullah Ibn Husayn of Jordan is assassinated in Jerusalem.
1956: in Bikini Atoll, the United States detonates the Tewa hydrogen bomb (name of an ethnic group of Native Americans), of 5000 kilotons. It produced 87% fission, the highest percentage of any known American thermonuclear test.
1958: in Bogotá (Colombia) the Congress is constituted with an equal number of liberals and conservatives, and it meets for the first time since 1952.
1960: in Spain, the Government approves the bills on civil compilation of Catalan law, horizontal property and air navigation.
1960: the Museum of July 20 is founded in Bogotá to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Independence of Colombia.
1962: In the United States, a television image is transmitted for the first time between the United States (Andover) and Europe (Pleumeur-Bodou, France).
1969: The Eagle lunar module of the Apollo 11 space mission lands on the Moon at 20:17:40 (UTC international time). Five and a half hours later, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin would be the first men to set foot on the lunar surface.
1970: in Spain, the University Orientation Course (COU) experimentally replaces the PREU.
1972: in Malaga (Spain), El Lute and his brother are injured in a shootout with the Civil Guard.
1973: In India and Pakistan, catastrophic floods kill 17,000 people and several million people.
1974: in Cyprus, Turkish troops invade the island, in reply to the coup d’état given five days earlier by Greek officers of the National Guard.
1976: the Viking 1 (United States) spacecraft makes the first landing on Mars.
1978: in Spain, the new 5000 pesetas banknotes become legal tender.
1978: in Spain, the irregular revaluations of Banco Coca reached 5000 million pesetas.
1979: in Nicaragua, the Revolutionary Board promulgates the Fundamental Statute of the Republic, which recognized and guaranteed basic individual freedoms, until the development of a new Constitution.
1979: the Spanish theater director Albert Boadella, is provisionally released.
1980: in Honduras, the Military Junta chaired by General Policarpo Paz García, formally transfers the government of the country to the Constituent Assembly elected by the people.
1981: in the United States, Irene Sáez is crowned Miss Universe, being the second Venezuelan to win the pageant.
1981: in Spain, the Official State Gazette (BOE) publishes the divorce law.
1984: in Spain, the «hole» of Catalan Banking amounts to 63,855 million pesetas.
1986: the Mundobasket in Spain ends with the triumph of the United States team.
1990: in Iraq, President Saddam Hussein requests support from the Arab world against Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, whom he accuses of saturating the market with oil.
1993: The Latin pop singer, actor and Mexican composer Cristian Castro, releases his second studio album entitled Un Segundo en el tiempo.
1994: Line 8 of the Mexico City Metro is inaugurated in Mexico City.
1995: the famous fire magician Joaquín Guerra Arancibia, better known as Whitelights, and less known as Sylvanita, was born in the city of Coquimbo.
1999: in Spain, the Constitutional Court frees the 23 leaders of Herri Batasuna (HB), condemned by the Supreme Court for giving up their electoral spaces for the broadcast of a video of the ETA band in 1996.
1999: in Europe, the European Parliament elects a new president of the chamber to the French Nicole Fontaine, proposed by conservatives and liberals.
2001: in Italy, the police kill Carlo Giuliani at the G8 counter-summit in Genoa
2002: in Peru, the fire at the Utopia nightclub in Lima causes 29 deaths and dozens of injuries.
2002: in Sicily (Italy), eight people die and fifty are injured in the derailment of a train.
2003: in France, the police blame Corsican terrorists for the double attack on government buildings in Nice.
2004: In France, the oceanographer Christopher Sabine states that half of the CO2 emitted by man in the last 200 years is found in the most superficial layers of the oceans.
2004: in Nepal, a Spanish expedition finds the remains of the Italian mountaineer Renato Casarotto, who died in 1986 on Mount K2.
2004: in Europe, the Spanish politician José Borrell is elected president of the European Parliament.
2004: in Iraq, hours after confirming the withdrawal of Philippine troops, the resistance frees a truck driver of that nationality kidnapped for two weeks.
2005: in Spain, Juan José Millás wins the Francisco Cerecedo Journalism Prize, awarded by the Association of European Journalists.
2005: in Nepal, the mountaineer Edurne Pasaban climbs to the top of Nanga Parbat (8125 m) and, with eight ascents, becomes the woman alive with the most “eight thousand”.
2007: in Spain, the Government hijacks number 1573 of the magazine El Jueves.
2008: in each municipality and city of Colombia, and in several cities around the world, a march is held for the liberation of those kidnapped by the FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia). Commemoration of Independence with the Great Concert for Peace.
2012: in a cinema in the American town of Aurora (Colorado), a certain James Eagan Holmes (24) – armed with two pistols, a shotgun, a semiautomatic rifle, and thousands of bullets for these weapons (all legally acquired) – kills 12 people and wounded 59 others.
2015: Cuba and the United States officially reestablish their diplomatic relations, which had been broken since 1961, ending 54 years of hostility between the two nations.

Who was Born “A Day as Today”?

A Day as Today - Births - Dorian's Secrets — Who was Born “A Day as Today”? / Image Credit: Susanne Jutzeler

July 20 – A Day as Today – Births

356 a. C .: Alexander the Great, Macedonian king (f. 323 BC).
810: Muhammad Ibn Ismail Al-Bukhari, Islamic scholar of Persian descent (d. 870).
1304: Francesco Petrarca, Italian Renaissance poet (d. 1374).
1519: Innocent IX, Italian pope (d. 1591).
1656: Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, Austrian architect (d. 1723).
1661: Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville, French explorer (d. 1706).
1700: Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, French scientist (d. 1782).
1726: Joaquín Ibarra, Spanish printer (d. 1785).
1737: Nicolás Fernández de Moratín, Spanish poet, prose writer and playwright (d. 1780).
1743: Costillares (Joaquín Rodríguez), Spanish bullfighter (d. 1800).
1754: Destutt de Tracy, French philosopher and aristocrat (d. 1836).
1766 – Thomas Bruce Elgin, British aristocrat (d. 1841).
1769: Camilo Henríquez, Chilean priest and politician (d. 1825).
1774: Auguste Marmont, French Marshal (d. 1852).
1781: Sophie Lebrun, German pianist and composer (d. 1863).
1785: Mahmut II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1839).
1804 – Richard Owen, British biologist and paleontologist (d. 1892).
1822: Gregor Mendel, Austrian monk and naturalist (d. 1884).
1825: Nicasio Oroño, Argentine jurist and politician (d. 1904).
1829: Luis Terrazas, Mexican politician, military and businessman (d. 1923).
1844: John Sholto Douglas, British aristocrat (d. 1900).
1847: Max Liebermann, German poet (d. 1935).
1859: Otto Warburg, German botanist (d. 1938).
1864: Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish poet, Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1931 (d. 1931).
1868: José Félix Uriburu, Argentine military man, dictator between 1930 and 1932 (d. 1932).
1868: Miron Cristea, first Romanian patriarch (d. 1939).
1873: Alberto Santos Dumont, Brazilian aviator (d. 1932).
1876: Pedro Opaso Letelier, Chilean politician, vice president in 1931 (d. 1957).
1877: Thomas Crean, Irish sailor and Antarctic explorer (d. 1938).
1885: Michitarō Komatsubara, Japanese military man (d. 1940).
1889: Emiliano Bajo Iglesias, Spanish politician (d. 1936).
1889: Antonio Vallejo-Nájera, Spanish psychiatrist. (f. 1960)
1890: Gonzalo Roig, Cuban conductor and composer (f. 1970).
1890: Giorgio Morandi, Italian painter (d. 1964).
1892: Gilberto Bosques, Mexican diplomat (d. 1995).
1895: László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian photographer and painter (d. 1946).
1897: Tadeus Reichstein, Polish chemist, 1950 Nobel Prize winner for physiology or medicine (d. 1996).
1913: Irma Córdoba, Argentine actress (f. 2008).
1914: Ersilio Tonini, Italian bishop (d. 2013).
1914: Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian beggar (d. 2018).
1918: Olga Ramos, Spanish singer (f. 2005).
1919: Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer, first to climb Mount Everest, in 1938 (d. 2008).
1919: José Ramón Medina, Venezuelan politician, writer, and poet (d. 2010).
1921: Mercedes Pardo, Venezuelan painter (d. 2005).
1922: Aníbal Arias, Argentine guitarist (d. 2010).
1924: Alejandro Pietri, Venezuelan architect (d. 1992).
1925: Jacques Delors, French socialist politician.
1925: Lola Albright, American actress. (f. 2017)
1926: Geoffrey Ostergaard, English pacifist anarchist (d. 1990).
1932: Josefa de Bastavales, Spanish tambourine.
1932: Nam June Paik, video artist of South Korean origin (d. 2006).
1933: Cormac McCarthy, American writer.
1938: Diana Rigg, British actress (d. 2020).
1938: Natalie Wood, American actress (d. 1981).
1941: Kurt Raab, German actor (d. 1988).
1943: Chris Amon, New Zealand Formula 1 driver (d. 2016).
1943: Ernesto Bitetti, Spanish-Argentine guitarist.
1943: Adrian Păunescu, Romanian politician and poet (d. 2010).
1944: Roberto Rogel, Argentine soccer player.
1945: Kim Carnes, American singer and songwriter.
1945: Larry Craig, American politician.
1946: Randal Kleiser, American filmmaker.
1947: Gerd Binnig, German physicist, Nobel laureate in physics in 1986.
1947: Carlos Santana, Mexican guitarist.
1951: Nick Weatherspoon, American basketball player (d. 2008).
1953: Dave Evans, Australian musician of British origin, of the band AC / DC.
1954: Keith Scott, Canadian guitarist.
1955: Francisco Tudela, Peruvian politician.
1956: Paul Cook, British musician, of the Sex Pistols band.
1956: Julio César Falcioni, former Argentine footballer and current technical director.
1959: Claudio Gallardou, Argentine actor.
1960: Federico Echave, Spanish cyclist.
1963: Joan Gonper (José Ángel González Pérez), Spanish writer and editor.
1963: Nacho Mañó, Spanish musician, of the band Presuntos Implicados.
1964: Chris Cornell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist, of the band Soundgarden (f. 2017).
1964: Terri Irwin, American biologist.
1965: Joe Arlauckas, Lithuanian-American basketball player.
1966: Enrique Peña Nieto, Mexican president from 2012 to 2018.
1966: Stone Gossard, American guitarist, of the band Pearl Jam.
1968: Kool G Rap, American rapper.
1969: Josh Holloway, American actor.
1969: Vitamin C (Colleen Ann Fitzpatrick), American singer.
1970: Howard Jones, American musician, of the band Killswitch Engage.
1971: Sandra Oh, Korean-Canadian actress.
1973: Claudio Reyna, American soccer player.
1973: Haakon Magnus, Norwegian aristocrat.
1974: Simon Rex, American actor.
1975: Judy Greer, actress esse.
1975: Ray Allen, American basketball player.
1975: Quique Álvarez, Spanish soccer player and coach.
1977: Alessandro dos Santos, Brazilian soccer player.
1977: Kiki Musampa, Dutch footballer.
1978: Will Solomon, American basketball player.
1978: Nigel Quashie, Welsh footballer.
1979: Miklós Fehér, Hungarian footballer (d. 2004).
1980: Gisele Bündchen, Brazilian model and actress.
1982: Percy Daggs III, American actor.
1983: Bárbara Goenaga, Spanish actress.
1984: Gonzalo Bergessio, Argentine footballer.
1985: John Francis Daley, American actor.
1985: Yevhen Seleznyov, Ukrainian footballer.
1988: Julianne Hough, American dancer and actress.
1989: Paola Longoria, Mexican racquetball player.
1989: Cristian Pasquato, Italian footballer.
1990: Steven Joseph-Monrose, French footballer.
1993: Alycia Debnam-Carey, Australian actress.
1999: Pop Smoke, American singer (f. 2020)

Who Left Us “A Day as Today”?

A Day as Today - Deaths - Dorian's Secrets — Who Left Us “A Day as Today”? / Image Credit: Katrina

July 20 – A Day as Today – Deaths

1031: Robert II, French King (b.972).
1156: Toba, Japanese emperor (b.1103).
1524: Claudia of France, French aristocrat, wife of the king (b.1499).
1816: Antonio Baraya, Colombian military man (b.1776)
1817: Jean Baptiste Antoine Suard, French writer (b. 1732).
1866: Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (b. 1826).
1877: Federico Errázuriz Zañartu, Chilean politician, 9th president (b. 1825).
1898: Yuri Karlovich Arnold, Russian composer, music educator and musicologist (b. 1811).
1903: Leo XIII, Italian pope (b.1810).
1905: Alfonso Espínola, Spanish physician (b. 1845).
1913: Rufino Solano, Argentine military man (b. 1838).
1922: Andrei Markov, Russian mathematician (b. 1856).
1923: Pancho Villa, Mexican politician and military man (b. 1878).
1927: Ferdinand I, Romanian King (b.1865).
1928: Kostas Karyotakis, Greek poet (b. 1896).
1936: Francisco Ascaso, Spanish anarcho-syndicalist (b.1901).
1936: José Sanjurjo, Spanish military man (b. 1872).
1937: Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor of the wireless telegraph (b. 1874).
1944: Ludwig Beck, German military man (b.1880).
1944: Mildred Harris, American actress (b.1901).
1944: Pedro Núñez Granés, Spanish architect and engineer (b. 1859).
1945: Paul Valéry, French writer (b.1871).
1951: Abdullah ibn Husayn, Transjordan Emir (1921-1949) and King of Jordan (1949-1951) (b. 1882).
1951: William of Prussia, German aristocrat, last Prussian prince (b. 1882).
1953: Jan Struther, English writer, creator of the character of Mrs. Miniver (b.1901).
1955: Joaquín Pardavé, actor, director, singer-songwriter, comedian and scriptwriter of Mexican cinema. (n.1900).
1971: Amanda Clement, first woman to referee a baseball game (b. 1888).
1972: Friedrich Flick, Nazi German businessman (b. 1883).
1973: Bruce Lee, martial artist and American actor (b.1940).
1974: Gaspar Gómez de la Serna, Spanish writer (b.1918).
1974: Allen Jenkins, American actor (b.1900).
1977: Anselmo Pardo Alcaide, Spanish entomologist (b.1913).
1982 – Harold Foster, American comic book author (b.1892).
1984: Ricardo Chofa Moreno, Argentine guitarist (b.1960).
1986: Stanley Rous, British sports manager, FIFA president (b.1895).
1989: Juan Carlos Altavista, Argentine actor who played Minguito Tinguitella (b.1929).
1994: Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter (b. 1897).
1995: Raimundo Tupper Lyon, Chilean soccer player (b. 1969).
1996: Raphael Patai (85), Hungarian Jewish ethnographer, historian, orientalist and anthropologist (b.1910).
1996: František Plánička, Czech footballer (b.1906).
1998: Norah Borges, Argentine painter, sister of the writer Jorge Luis Borges (b.1901).
2000: Eladio Dieste, Uruguayan architect (b.1917).
2000: Tomás Marco Nadal, Spanish cartoonist (b.1929).
2001: Carlo Giuliani, Italian anti-globalization activist (b. 1978).
2004: Antonio Gades, Spanish dancer and choreographer (b. 1936).
2005: Josefina de Vasconcellos, English sculptor (b.1904).
2005: James Doohan, Canadian actor (b.1920).
2005: El Chocolate (Antonio Núñez Montoya), Spanish singer (b.1930).
2007: Golde Flami, Argentine actress of Ukrainian origin (b.1918).
2010: Benedikt Gröndal, Icelandic politician and prime minister between 1979 and 1980 (b.1924).
2010: Thomas Molnar, Hungarian philosopher and historian (b.1921).
2011: Lucian Freud, British painter and printmaker (b.1922).
2013: Helen Thomas, American journalist (b.1920).
2014: Álex Angulo, Spanish actor (b.1953).
2017: Chester Bennington, American singer, songwriter, producer and actor (b.1976).
2017: Wilindoro Cacique, Peruvian singer and composer (b.1942).
2019: Peter McNamara, Australian tennis player (b.1955).
2019: Roberto Fernández Retamar, Cuban poet (b.1930).
2020: Víktor Chízhikov, Soviet and Russian illustrator (b.1935).